Loaders are earth-moving machinery widely used in highways, railways, construction, hydropower, ports, mines and other construction projects. They are mainly used for shoveling, loading, unloading, soil and stone and other bulk materials. Lightly excavate rock and hard soil. If you change to a different working device, you can also complete the work of bulldozing, lifting, loading and unloading other materials. In highway construction, it is mainly used for filling and excavation of roadbed engineering, as well as for aggregate and loading operations of asphalt and cement concrete yards. Because it has the advantages of fast working speed, good maneuverability, and light operation, it has developed rapidly and has become the main machinery in earth and stone construction.

Classification

The commonly used single-bucket loaders are classified according to the engine power, transmission mode, walking system structure, and loading method.
1.Engine power: 　　
①A small loader with a power less than 74kw.
②The power is 74～147kw for medium-sized loader.
③The power is between 147～515kw for the large loader.
④The power is greater than 515kw for the extra-large loader.
2.Transmission form: 　　
①Hydraulic-mechanical transmission, small impact and vibration, long service life of transmission parts, Convenient operation, the vehicle speed and external load room can be automatically adjusted, generally used in medium and large loaders;
②Hydraulic transmission: stepless speed regulation, convenient control room, but poor startability, generally only used on small loaders;
③Electric drive: stepless speed regulation, reliable work, simple maintenance, high cost, generally used on large loaders.
3.Walking structure: 　　
①Tire type: light weight, fast speed, flexible maneuverability, high efficiency, not easy to damage the road surface, large ground contact pressure, poor passability, but it is widely used;
②Crawler type: low ground contact pressure, good passability , Low center of gravity, good stability, strong adhesion, large traction, large specific cutting force, low speed, relatively poor flexibility, high cost, easy to damage the road surface when walking.
4.Loading and unloading methods: 　　
①Front unloading type: simple structure, reliable work, good vision, suitable for various working sites, and wide application; 　　
②Rotary type: the working device is installed on a turntable that can rotate 360O, and the side unloading does not need to turn around , The work efficiency is high, but the structure is complex, the quality is high, the cost is high, and the lateral stability is poor. It is suitable for smaller venues.
③ Rear unloading type: front loading, rear unloading, high work efficiency, poor work safety.

Selection principle